LLI Research Base Summary Grades 3 to 5+
In this research summary, Irene Fountas and Gay Su Pinnell review the research base for the Red, Gold, and Purple Systems of Leveled Literacy Intervention (LLI)—designed to lift the literacy achievement of students who are falling below grade level expectations in reading. Each of the 15 principles that undergird the secondary school systems of LLI are discussed, along with a list of the supporting research. The lesson framework of LLI rests on these principles.